英语部分(10分)

　　Reading Comprehension

　　Directions:There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

　　Questions 56-60 are based on Passage One:

　　Passage One

　　A recent study indicates that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

　　In general, these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or work full?or part?time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.

　　When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.

　　The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic.

　　The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. According to the study, these young men had lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”.

　　Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted, inhibited, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly state that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

　　56. According to the study, ().

　　A. many short sleepers need less sleep by nature

　　B. many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work

　　C. long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day

　　D. many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood

　　57. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ().

　　A. sleep is a withdrawal from the reality

　　B. sleep interferes with their sound judgment

　　C. sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program

　　D. sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles

　　58. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ().

　　A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life

　　B. often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep

　　C. do not know how to relax properly

　　D. are more unlikely to run into mental problems

　　59. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ().

　　A. appear disturbed

　　B. become energetic

　　C. feel dissatisfied

　　D. be extremely depressed

　　60. Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?()

　　A. If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened.

　　B. The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patients.

　　C. Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep.

　　D. Short sleepers would be better off with more rest.

　　Questions 61—65 are based on Passage Two:

　　Passage Two

　　As the 21st century begins, a number of leaders in politics, education, and other professions believe that the US must adopt some new values to go along with the old traditional ones. What new values should Americans adopt? This is a very difficult question to answer. Certainly, a greater value should be placed on the conservation of natural reasources; Americans should learn to use less and waste less. But conservation has never been a strong value to Americans, who have believed that their country offered an endless,abundant supply of natural resources.

　　Recently, progress has been made—more and more Americans are recycling their paper,cans,bottles,and other goods—but old wasteful habits died hard. Furthermore,the need to protect the environment may conflict with the need for jobs,as in the Northwest ,where conservationists battle lumber companies that want to cut down ancient redwood trees. A belief in the value of conservation is still compared with other American values; it can become stronger only as Americans see the need for it more clearly.

　　In addition,Americans may need to place a strong value on cooperation on a national scale to achieve important national objectives. The American idea of the national good has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual, maintaining those conditions that provide the greatest freedom and prosperity for the individual . It is far more difficult for Americans to accept shared sacrifice for the common good and well?being of the entire country. For example ,although the majority of Americans believe that it is extremely important to balance the national budget and reduce the deficit, they do not want to see cuts in government programs that benefit them personally.

　　The American value of competition also hinders the development of a spirit of national cooperation. Competition sometimes encourages feelings of suspicion rather than the mutual trust that is necessary for successful national cooperation.Although Americans often cooperate successfully on the local level—in neighborhood groups and churches, for example, on the national level, they may see themselves as part of an interest group that is competing with other interest groups for government funds. A request by the national government for shared sacrifice may be seen as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive. However, the demands for the 21st century may compel Americans to place a greater value on national cooperation to solve problems that affect them all, directly and indirectly.

　　61. The best TITLE of this passage could be ().

　　A. Which is Better, New Value or Old Value?

　　B. Conservation vs. Need for Jobs

　　C. The Need for New National Values

　　D. Cooperation and Competition

　　62. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?()

　　A. Some Americans would not accept the value of conservation and environment protection, because this value would probably make them unemployed.

　　B. Many Americans have been used to wasting, so it will be difficult for them to accept the new value of conservation.

　　C. Some old values are still having a strong influence on American people, although they are harmful in this new age.

　　D. Most Americans have fully realized the need to protect the environment, so they have taken measures to recycle junked goods.

　　63. What is the basis for the American notion of national good?()

　　A. Individual freedom.

　　B. Personal property.

　　C. National cooperation.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　64. The author gave an example in the third paragraph in order to ().

　　A. emphasize the need to place a stronger value on national cooperation

　　B. explain why the American idea has been based on individual freedom

　　C. illustrate the fact that the Americans will not sacrifice their personal interest for the good of the entire country

　　D. support the idea that Americans need the spirit of national cooperation to achieve important national objectives in the 21st century

　　65. The value of competition works against the spirit of national cooperation in that ().

　　A. it makes people not believe in the government

　　B. it causes people to suspect but not to trust each other

　　C. it makes people even unable to cooperate well on local levels

　　D. it encourages people to gain success through individual hard work